
GRAMMAR
〜以上(は)・〜上は
now that
since
Explanation
NOTE
〜以上(は) and 〜上は both mean now that or since — used when a decision or situation has been firmly established, so a strong logical consequence must follow.
引き受けた以上は、最後までやります。
Now that I've taken it on, I'll see it through to the end.
The result clause typically expresses determination, obligation, or an inevitable conclusion.
NOTE
The result clause carries a strong tone — duty, resolve, must-do, or a firm conclusion. Endings like 〜なければならない, 〜べきだ, or 〜つもりだ are common.
NOTE
With the plain (non-past or past) form of a verb, attach 以上は (約束する → 約束する*以上は*).
STRUCTURE
V普
<ruby>以上<rt>いじょう</rt></ruby>は約束した以上は、必ず守ります。
Yakusoku shita ijou wa, kanarazu mamorimasu.
Now that I've promised, I will definitely keep my word.
日本に住む以上、日本語を勉強するべきだ。
Nihon ni sumu ijou, nihongo wo benkyou suru beki da.
Since you live in Japan, you should study Japanese.
試合に出る以上は、勝ちたい。
Shiai ni deru ijou wa, kachitai.
Now that I'm in the match, I want to win.
NOTE
〜上は has the same meaning but is more formal and literary. It attaches to the past form of a verb, marking a decision or action already taken (決めた → 決めた*上は*).
STRUCTURE
Vた
<ruby>上<rt>うえ</rt></ruby>はこうなった上は、自分でやるしかない。
Kou natta ue wa, jibun de yaru shika nai.
Now that it has come to this, I have no choice but to do it myself.
決めた上は、後戻りはできない。
Kimeta ue wa, atomodori wa dekinai.
Now that I've decided, there's no turning back.
会社を辞めた上は、新しい道を探すしかない。
Kaisha wo yameta ue wa, atarashii michi wo sagasu shika nai.
Now that I've quit the company, I have no choice but to find a new path.
Practice exercises
1
彼は真面目なことだから、約束した以上は、守るだろう。
Since he is serious, now that he has promised, he will surely keep it.
Answer
以上は上は
2
余計なことを言ったばかりに、引き受けた以上は、責任を負う。
Simply because I said unnecessary things, now that I've accepted it, I will take responsibility.
Answer
以上は上は
3
難しい計画だけに、引き受けた以上は、成功させたい。
Precisely because it is a difficult plan, now that I have accepted it, I want to make it succeed.
Answer
以上は上は
4
一度引き受けた以上は、どんな困難があってもやり遂げる。
Now that I have accepted it once, I will see it through no matter what difficulties arise.
Answer
以上は上は
5
このプロジェクトを始めた上は、途中で諦めるわけにはいかない。
Since I have started this project, I cannot give up halfway.
Answer
上は以上は