GRAMMAR
〜上
besides
furthermore
Explanation
NOTE
〜上 means from the standpoint of or in terms of — used to specify a perspective or domain.
仕事上のつきあいも大切だ。
Relationships for work purposes are also important.
Common collocations: 仕事上, 健康上, 法律上, 教育上.
NOTE
It attaches directly to a noun (no の) and frames the following statement within that field.
NOTE
Typical with abstract nouns like 健康, 法律, 教育, 経験, 歴史 — rarely with concrete objects.
NOTE
Used in formal, written, or business contexts — common in news, reports, and academic writing.
STRUCTURE
N辞
<ruby>上<rt>じょう</rt></ruby>経験上、急ぐと失敗する。
Keiken jou, isogu to shippai suru.
From experience, you fail when you rush.
健康上の理由で会社を辞めた。
Kenkou jou no riyuu de kaisha o yameta.
I quit the company for health-related reasons.
その行為は法律上問題がある。
Sono koui wa houritsu jou mondai ga aru.
That act is problematic from a legal standpoint.
Practice exercises
1
彼は歌が上手だ。更に、その上、ダンスも得意だ。
He is good at singing. Furthermore, he is also good at dancing.
Answer
その上
2
この家は広いばかりか、その上、庭も広い。
This house is not only spacious, furthermore, the garden is also spacious.
Answer
その上
3
この映画は面白い。しかも、その上、感動的だった。
This movie is interesting. Furthermore, it was moving.
Answer
その上
4
この仕事は給料が良い。その上、遣り甲斐もある。
This job has good pay. Furthermore, it's also rewarding.
Answer
その上
5
彼は英語が流暢だ。その上、三つの言語を話せる。
He is fluent in English. Furthermore, he can speak three languages.
Answer
その上