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Shirimono
GRAMMAR
〜極まる・〜極まりない
extremely
Explanation
NOTE

〜極まる and 〜極まりない both mean extremely — a feeling or state has reached its absolute limit.

NOTE

Both forms are formal and literary. Despite the ない in 〜極まりない, the meaning stays the same — extremely.

かれ態度たいど失礼しつれいきわまりない
His attitude is extremely rude.
極まりない does not carry a negative meaning despite the ない ending.
NOTE

Attach 極まる directly to a na-adjective stem. It describes a state pushed to its extreme.

STRUCTURE
Adj-Na
極まる
彼の態度たいど不愉快ふゆかい極まる
Kare no taido wa fuyukai kiwamaru.
His attitude is extremely unpleasant.
よる山道やまみち一人ひとりあるくのは危険きけんきわまる
Yoru no yamamichi o hitori de aruku no wa kiken kiwamaru.
Walking a mountain road alone at night is extremely dangerous.
その計画けいかく無謀むぼうきわまるものだった。
Sono keikaku wa mubou kiwamaru mono datta.
That plan was extremely reckless.
かれ言葉ことば失礼しつれいきわまる
Kare no kotoba wa shitsurei kiwamaru.
His words are extremely rude.
そのはなし失礼しつれい極まる
Sono hanashi wa shitsurei kiwamaru.
That story is extremely rude.
この場所ばしょ景色けしき優雅ゆうが極まる
Kono basho no keshiki wa yuuga kiwamaru.
The scenery of this place is extremely elegant.
NOTE

Attach 極まりない directly to a na-adjective stem. It also pushes the state to its extreme.

STRUCTURE
Adj-Na
極まりない
なが会議かいぎ退屈たいくつきわまりない
Nagai kaigi wa taikutsu kiwamarinai.
Long meetings are extremely boring.
この部屋へやあつさは不快ふかいきわまりない
Kono heya no atsusa wa fukai kiwamarinai.
The heat in this room is extremely unpleasant.
かれ行動こうどう危険きけんきわまりない
Kare no koudou wa kiken kiwamarinai.
His behavior is extremely dangerous.
この景色けしき失礼しつれい極まりない
Kono keshiki wa shitsurei kiwamarinai.
This scenery is extremely rude.
そんなかんえは危険きけん極まりない
Sonna kangae wa kiken kiwamarinai.
That way of thinking is extremely dangerous.
そのはなし退屈たいくつ極まりない
Sono hanashi wa taikutsu kiwamarinai.
That story is extremely boring.

Practice exercises

1
暗闇くらやみ一人ひとりあるくのは危険きけんきわまる
Walking alone in the dark is extremely dangerous.
Answer
きわまる
2
あの運転うんてん無謀むぼうきわまる
That driving is extremely reckless.
Answer
まる
3
その発言はつげん失礼しつれいきわまるはなしだ。
That remark is an extremely rude thing to say.
Answer
きわまる
4
おな作業さぎょうかえしは退屈たいくつきわまりない
Repeating the same task is extremely boring.
Answer
きわまりない
5
満員まんいん電車でんしゃ不快ふかいきわまりない
A crowded train is extremely unpleasant.
Answer
まりない
6
ルールを無視むしする行動こうどう危険きけんきわまりない
Behavior that ignores the rules is extremely dangerous.
Answer
きわまりない
7
その批判ひはん不当ふとうなことこのうえないが、悪質あくしつきわまりない
That criticism is utterly unfair, and also extremely malicious.
Answer
きわまりない
8
かれらの行状ぎょうじょう言語道断げんごどうだんきわまる
Their conduct is extremely outrageous.
Answer
きわまる
9
弱者じゃくしゃかえりみない政策せいさく非情ひじょうきわまりない
A policy that disregards the weak is extremely heartless.
Answer
きわまりない
10
その態度たいど不誠実ふせいじつといったらないが、無責任むせきにんきわまりない
That attitude is indescribably insincere, and also extremely irresponsible.
Answer
きわまりない
11
会議中かいぎちゅう居眠いねむりするとは、怠慢たいまんいたりであり、恥辱ちじょくきわまりない
To doze off during a meeting is the height of laziness, and extremely shameful.
Answer
きわまりない